Archive for 2011
children we want business as a profession they work at their parents, how should our attitude as a parent to face it. Are we a priori or just want to follow her wishes. I think this case is no less experienced businessmen, including my own, that is when my son was still in junior high school also had a desire to be a businessman War net.
In my opinion, it naturally happened, because perhaps our children are familiar with the business atmosphere. Although, not a few children businessman who did not want to aspire to be a businessman, because he knows his father is very busy. Meanwhile, to educate himself was not easy. The problem, is a very large factor of emotional closeness, and it can sometimes be the obstacle of child development itself.
Meanwhile, I see not the schools that prepare a person to be businessmen. So, if your child wants to be a businessman, it is deemed necessary to have other people who we believe to be a mentor or mentor.
Only, we are involved in the mentor of the family, still must be well planned. And, to be successful, according to Patricia Skiff, a columnist in “Entrepreneur Magazine”, we must consider the factors below.
The first factor, we must know who the people who became his mentor. Have skills and can provide guidance, it is a major requirement. And we as parents, should be more used to believe before we involve the mentor in guiding our children.
The second factor, what we need to know the mentor. This means that before a mentor from outside the family that determines the rules in providing guidance, should we need to explain to the mentor, whatever be the motion, and what is its responsibility. For instance, he should be able to educate our children discipline.
The third factor, is what not to do the mentor. For example, he should not try to “sabotage” in the mentoring process itself. Because, in fact the essence of mentoring is how to provide input for our children’s ability in business. So the process is later, will make our children more mature in the business.
Therefore, I think, sort of a mentoring program that we should plan for a limited period, 5 or up to 10 years. Because, as this is, we as entrepreneurs will retire or rest. Meanwhile, our children when it was ready to become entrepreneurs.
There is one interesting business advice that is taught by Robert T. Kiyosaki, author of “Rich Dad, Poor Dad”, who became Best Seller. Tips that reads, “After we successfully build a business then do not forget to buy the property. In addition we have an income from the business that we run, we also benefited from the gain will increase the value of the property “. I think, right Kiyosaki. Advice was actually the key word is the cause, why the rich get richer. Because rich people are always smarter to buy the property that each time will continue to multiply in value, that’s what makes it richer.
However, long before reading the book, as an entrepreneur I’ve been practicing it since the first. Therefore, there is additional advice I can give to you in buying the property from the profits that you build a successful business. Business proposition reads, “If you intend to buy property, not according to the capability of available funds. Even better buy a property with bank debt. Therefore, the less money you spend to buy the property, the greater your advantage “.
Clearly, if we had a fund of Rp 400 million do not buy a property fund worth fitting that we have. Did not buy a property does not have cash. Can the credit. So should you solve it RP 400 million for four properties, each instance you simply purchase a down payment of Rp 100 million, the remaining USD 300 million from the bank. Well, if you only buy one property valued at USD 400 million, then five years later you will only receive its profits doubled the price of one property only. But if four properties, five years later of your property which was originally 400 million has doubled to Rp 2 billion. So the four properties to be 8 billion.
Perhaps you ask, why buy a property with debts of more profitable? It helps us see the business advice from Dolf De Roos, consultant Robert T. Rich dad Kiyosaki in his book, “Real Estate Riches” Dolf wrote, “I do not buy a property to buy land, Karenina unproductive. I do not buy property for the building because it needed maintenance. And, I do not buy a rental property because it needed management. The strongest reason I bought the property is to get the debt. The reason is simple, “The amount of debt is always the same, but the asset values ??continue to soar”.
With business picking advice, my advice, we should not be afraid owed to the bank to buy the property. Change your mindset, that debt would be inviting trouble for you. It is to learn to foster confidence in the debt so-so start with a small value. But, once you succeed you are not seeking debt to the bank, but banks that would seek to take your debt.
Nothing wrong with that necessarily arise among entrepreneur joked that, “if you dare debt of Rp 50 million, you are have a problem. But if you dare to Rp 50 billion debt. Bank which will have a problem. Believe me, the more often we dare debt, banks will increasingly come to believe in our business. “You dare to try?
Peter F. Ducker argues, that everyone can have a career to be an entrepreneur. “There’s nothing mysterious,” he said. Possibly, the entrepreneur’s life easier a few years ago. Where, as customers make the neighbors so easy. But I think, now it is different. Market demands more and more, and quality must be increased. That if we want to live.
But I am sure, if when we want to pursue a career as an entrepreneur prospects are very good and very broad. That is, anytime we can start a business. And, we can sell any product or service. Being, what kind of business we can do, of course, also depends on our ability.
However, from a survey revealed that on average approximately 44% of entrepreneurs who engage in the business world for over 6 years, has had some kind of business that are not interconnected or overlapping. While 35% longer entrepreneurs only have one type of business, and 21% more have some kind of business that still there is a link or circuit.
So how can we become a successful entrepreneur? From experience, I saw that there are 4 characters a person can become a successful entrepreneur, namely the First, the desire. Where, he uses his desire for something big from small things. There was also a desire to make something that has not existed before, and do the will in accordance with the way they want to do.
Secondly, there is intuition. The opportunity to become entrepreneurs is the same for everyone. There is no IQ test. In fact, if we are not smart even if it does not prevent to become entrepreneurs. That is, every successful entrepreneurs are those who have learned to develop his intuition.
Third, he had a chance to go on living even though have no debt. So, all the entrepreneur has survived the ups and downs of his career. They never succeed, never fails. Never make money, or losing money, and others. In fact, the debt was always there in every business. I think, this is reality. Because, however, an entrepreneur must learn to adapt to the debt.
Fourth, always optimistic. For example, there are business opportunities, but because there is a more logical, the odds were not pursued. Because, he has considered with intuition, and cover it with optimism. So, in my opinion, it is the creator of the entrepreneur as well as business people. He made his life by addressing a variety of reasons for not pursuing business opportunities, and then convince others to follow how.
Therefore, in my opinion, if we really want a successful career as an entrepreneur, then make sure we have all four characters. And, we should never hesitate to go. You dare to try?
Provision was in fact already exist that govern him. I think that’s true. And, most of us think so. Therefore, since the birth of each person brings their own sustenance. But, whether we could improve our own Provision? And, if we can not plan it? I would argue, that provision must already exist that govern him, but we must remain active plan. Without planned, it will be difficult Rezeki we achieve. My own guess akandatang, sustenance it requires opportunities to come.
In my opinion, where possible sustenance that comes when every day we do not have any activity. Just resigned to it. And, we too believe, that provision does not need to be pursued, would have come alone. I do not agree with this principle. Because, however, that to us no excitement to work, and just always dreamed of fortune had come, then that provision would be difficult to come or just away. But conversely, if diligent work, and creative entrepreneurship, I believe, certainly sustenance will come. Our business will grow faster.
Moreover, if we dare to choose prose such as businessmen, doctors, notaries, lawyers, painters, artists and others. This profession I see are very likely to bring the provision of relatively large or are not linear. Therefore, the profession is different from the person who paid or as an employee. That is, if this time we for example, is to pursue the business or as an entrepreneur, then obviously it’s possible for us to bring a relatively large fortune. Meanwhile, if only we are now working part of other people or fixed monthly salary, then obviously the chances of the coming of the provision of relatively large, becomes smaller. Therefore, the sustenance of it coming into the right place, and this could we have planned. Lived, we dare or not.
Speaking of luck, I was reminded of my colleagues experience. He was a notary, I can see, in carrying out his profession, he is only using the motor. Then, replace the car. That was the old car. However, when I suggest that “dare” to take a new car on credit, he was surprised. when the old car is sold alone would suggest, for a down payment.
Each month it must pay the installment? was the question. I replied, “Well that’s luck will follow your plan. If you use a good car must have more confidence in your clients. Therefore performance or performances required in your business. Moreover, you are willing to work hard and creatively capture the client, I am sure you must be able to pay the installment “. Apparently, he followed my advice. What happens next? Notary’s fortune was flowing. His client was increasing. In addition to pay the installments, he still has it’s advantages sustenance. And her confidence will increasingly steady profession.
This incident, among which leads me to believe, that the provision would actually come to follow the plan of our debts. Sustenance it will also come according to our risk-taking business. So, when we take the risk of small business, sustenance that flows is small. Conversely, if we dare amiability large, then the sustenance that flows would be great.
The potential of natural gas owned by Indonesia based on the status of 2008 reached 170 per year TSCF and production reached 2.87 TSCF, with Indonesia having the composition of the reserve to production (R / P) reaches 59 years.
Gas reserves are not expected to increase unless new reserves are found potential. The last major reserves are reserves that are found in the Tangguh field. The absence of these potential reserves affect the development drilling activity in recent years.
In the past three years, drilling activity for natural gas field development in Indonesia is relatively nil. Development drilling reached 22,626 feet in 2007.
Donggi – Senoro
Donggi-Senoro field is located in Central Sulawesi, which is operated by two KKKS PT Pertamina EP and JOB Pertamina-Medco E & P Tomori. Donggi field is integrated field development in the area which consists of field Matindok Donggi, Matindok field, field and field Maleoraja Minahaki. While Senoro field is the development of gas fields and oil field Tiaka Senoro.
Proved reserves in Block Matindok and Senoro this as much as 2.3 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). Gas production from the field Donggi Senoro in Central Sulawesi, could increase 50 million cubic feet per day (million metric standard cubicfeet per day / MMSCFD) along with the discovery of new reserves.
On the field there Senoro additional potential of 0.6 trillion cubic feet (iniiun cubic feet / TCF) and Matindok 0.76 TCF. Thus, from both the field could be produced by 455 mmscfd per day for 15 years. Embedded investment for upstream facilities in the fields Senoro predicted around U.S. $ 800 million and investments for upstream facilities Matindok of U.S. $ 790 million.
Allotment of production from the field has been decided by pemetintah for domestic needs. Earlier, a consortium of 70 MMSCFD rate scheme (million standard cubic feet per day) for domestic and 335 MMSCFD for export is the most economical.
This gas is expected to be purchased by the three national company PT Pupuk Sriwijaya (Pusri), PT National Electricity Company (PLN) and PT Panca Amara Utama (PAU). The three companies that need a gas supply of about 211 million MSCFD.
Tangguh
Production of natural gas tends to remain
Indonesia’s natural gas production in recent years tend to be fixed. Average production rate is about 2.9 billion TSCF (trillion standard cubic feet).
Gas production resulting from the production of Pertamina, Pertamina Joint Operation Body (JOB), Pertamina Technical Assistance Contract (TAC) and Pertamina Joint Operation Body – Production Sharing Contract (JOB-PSC), as well as Contractor of Cooperation Contract (KKKS) / Production Sharing Contract ( PSC).
Most of the gas production rate resulting from cooperation contracts (KKS) / Production Sharing Contract (PSC) which is about 2.5 TSCF, followed by the production of about 300 MSCF Pertamina.
Production by JOB Pertamina Pertamina TAC and not very significant, ie, each about 18 million MSCF and 30 MSCF in 2006 to 2008.
Production of natural gas through KKKS averaged about 88 percent of total production while the production by about 10 percent of Pertamina. Production by JOB Pertamina Pertamina TAC and the average respectively about 0.7 percent.
Utilization of natural gas
Natural gas as used in some sectors. The use of natural gas in Indonesia, among others, for use on its own gas wells for production, fertilizer industries, refineries, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas), condensate, LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas), etc..
Most of the natural gas produced in Indonesia is processed into LNG that is on average about 1.3 TSCF per year., While for the domestic market (local) averages about 320 million MSCF per year.
PHE Develop Coal Methane Gas
In order to support government programs to diversify energy sources and increasing the national gas supply, PT. Pertamina Upstream Energy (PHE) in conjunction with PT. Kaltim Prima Coal (KPC) signed Production Sharing Contract (PSC) for the development of Coal Methane Gas (CBM) in Region II Work Sangatta Block EP and PKP2B PT.Pertamina property owned by KPC. The signing was conducted to coincide with the opening of the Indonesian Petroleum Association (IPA) Annual Convention & Exebition in Jakarta on May 5, 2009.
The signing was conducted by a consortium of PHE and KPC subsidiary, PT. Methane LEU B Kalimantan and PT. Vision Multi Arta (70% owned EMP) which each hold a 40% Participating interest and 60%. After signing the PSC that the consortium will make a commitment period during the first 3 years of exploration by drilling four core-hole and 4 wells eksporasi with an estimated investment value of USD 10 million.
“This signing demonstrates the commitment of Pertamina to go into business GMB, which is one source of alternative energy options for diversification program and is expected to address the needs Shortage of gas nationwide,” said Dwi Martono, as the President Director of PT. Methane PHE Borneo B.
“After a period of exploration over three years plus a 3-year development phase, it is expected that the first production of CBM gas from Sangatta II block can be on-stream in year 7 and so be able to supply gas to industi and households in the surrounding area of ??operations” added Dwi Martono. For PHE, the signing of the PSC GMB Sangatta Block II is the second cooperation agreement PSC GMB. Previously, through its subsidiary PT. Methane LEU A Kalimantan in cooperation with the Black Sand Energy PT Indonesia (Ephindo) has signed a PSC for Block Sangatta I.
GMB also known as CBM (Coal Bed Methane) are now beginning to glance to be developed after many people began to realize the lack of a national gas reserves. According to some predictions, in the year 2025 was no longer able to offset the high level of domestic gas demand, while natural gas resources are already committed to supply to another party. Potential methane gas reserves in Indonesia is equivalent to 453 TCF so as to help cover the shortage of national gas reserves. Budi added, most of the CBM resource potential exists in the existing National Working Area (WK) oil and gas Pertamina.
WK vast reaches approximately 120 thousand square kilometers (± 120 000 km2), which are scattered in the area of ??Jambi (Sumatra basin of Central), Prabumulih (South Sumatra basin), basin Barito, South Kalimantan and East Kalimantan, the Kutai basin (Sangatta, Bunyu, Tarakan DSK). GMB including alternative energy that has not been explored to the fullest. Utilization levels even still less than 2%, whereas the CBM is a relatively inexpensive alternative energy and can be updated with the level of difficulty that is not complicated compared to conventional oil and gas management. In some developed countries like America, Regulations and Australia, more than 40% of domestic energy needs are supplied by CBM. “Looking ahead, PHE will continue to develop business in the region of GMB GMB who happens to overlap with Pertamina’s oil and gas working areas in a number of blocks , among others, South Sumatra Block 1, Block 2 of South Sumatra, South Sumatra 3, Block and Block Suban Jambi “said Dwi Martono steadily.
Exports of natural gas tends to decrease
Most of Indonesia’s natural gas production was thrown into the export market and the rest for domestic needs. Indonesia over the gas exports are to Singapore, Japan, China, Korea, Thailand and Malaysia. Exports are mostly done in the form of LNG via ship, while the rest through the transmission pipelines.
During this time, the portion for exports is greater than the volume for the domestic market. Accumulated in the gas sale and purchase contracts from 2003 to 2007, reaching 20.12 million domestic allocation MMSCFD to 48 MMSCFD per cent and exports of 21.55 million or 52 percent.
Since the year 2009 the percentage of exports of natural gas has begun to shrink than ever before. In 2009 the exports of less than 50 percent of which amounted to 46.08 percent of the total production volume reached 3667 MMSCFD.
Export gas in LNG form tends to fall from year to year, while exports via pipeline are likely to increase. In 2007, LNG exports fell by 8.5 percent to 1,076,785 MMSCFD. The decline also occurred in 2008 but smaller in the amount of 0.8 percent to 1,067,796 MMSCFD.
In 2009, until October was recorded at 841 911 MMSCFD LNG exports. If the calculated average of the monthly export volume of 84 191 MMSCFD is smaller than the previous year to reach 88 983 MMSCFD.
Meanwhile, the export volume of gas through the pipeline emmiliki rising trend. Exports of gas through transmission pipelines Grissik – Singapore.
The export volume of natural gas through pipelines fluctuated in recent years but showed a rising trend. In 2007 the export volume reached 297 thousand MMSCFD.
In 2008 the export volume decreased 20 percent to 235 thousand MMSCFD. Exports rose sharply in 2009, which until October has reached 291 thousand MMSCFD atu 24.persen higher than the previous year.
In the coming years is expected to export gas volumes will be smaller again as gas reduction commitment to overseas after 2010.
Some of the export sales contract
Gas sales abroad made a long term basis with the contract system. Currently a number of long-term export contracts are still ongoing and several new contracts will also begin shipping in the realization of this year.
Contract gas exports to Singapore between Premier Oil Natuna BV with Sembgas in Singapore in 2008 for 18 years where the deliveries will begin in 2010. Piped gas exports belongs to Conoco Philips.
New export contracts in 2009 include the sale of the remaining contract capacity of 125 thousand tons from Tangguh field in Papua. A volume of 125,000 tons per year is part of the remaining 200,000 tonnes per year capacity LNG Tangguh unsold. This sale will be conducted by Pertamina with buyers Tohoku Electric Power Co., Japan.
Natural gas from this field is exported via ship after being processed into LNG at the LNG Tangguh. Of the total refinery capacity reached 7.6 million tons per year, 7.4 million tons of which were sold to several buyers, including Sempra Energy Marketing Co. of 3.7 million tons per year, Fujian 2.6 million tonnes per year , as well as Posco and K-Power 1.1 million tons per year.
Some of the export sales contract will be completed in 2010 which is a contract export LNG to western buyers from Japan. The contract will expire in western buyers this year as well.
According to government plans to limit new gas export contracts and will transfer the allocation to domestic needs in 2011.
Rising domestic gas needs
Natural gas in the domestic market used for various purposes such as raw material in industries such as petrochemicals and fertilizers; as fuel in industries such as ceramics, textiles, and household; as a source of electricity generation in power plant, as well as an energy source in the oil and gas production that is for artificial lifting, lifting components of petroleum production. Gas needs in question is contracted needs plus the needs that gets commitment.
Average annual domestic demand in 2009 to 2010 was 5557.6 MMSCFD. Central Sumatra, Southern and Western Java (Region III) is a region with the greatest need with the average demand per year from 2009 to 2014 amounting to 2994.7 MMSCFD.
The need for fuel, among others, are absorbed by PGN Batam, Pekanbaru PGN and PGN West Java, in addition to absorbed Refinery LPG as belonging to PT Ogspiras Basya Primary in Kilkenny and PT. Sampurna bead Prabumulih. Industries that use as fuel is PT. Asahimas in West Java.
The need for electric power generation, among others, are absorbed by the power plant spines, Ox Bay power plant, PLTGU Asrigita Infrastructure, PLTG Gutters Hamlet, PLTG Energy Musi Makmur, Injiniring PLN, PLN Kramasan, Borang PLN, PLN Muara Karang, Tanjung Priok PLN, PLN Freshwater Estuary, and PLN Cilegon.
Oil and gas producer, PT. Chevron Pacific Indonesia most needs to absorb the gas as an energy in this region in addition to the Joint Operation Body (JOB) Suryaraya Example.
Meanwhile, gas demand for industrial raw materials on pupupk came from Srivijaya Fertilizer factories I to IV in Palembang, Pupuk Kujang in West Java.
Eastern Java Region (Region V) be the second biggest needs with an average of 843.8 MMSCFD per year which is dominated by pengggunaan for electricity in PLTGU Gresik. Besides electricity, the need also came from the factory-owned Petrochemicals Gresik and PGN as raw materials as fuel.
Domestic demand is not fully guaranteed due to the volume of gas supply is still below the contracted volume needs. Part of this need to get a new supply commitments from producers.
Exports of natural gas tends to decrease
Implementation in Business Law
In order to clarify the discussion on Top of Economic Analysis of Law, particularly its implementation in the field of business law in Indonesia, then listed below are criticized some actual problems faced by the principle of economic efficiency (economic efficiency). The selection principles of efficiency is based on its simplicity to understand, because it requires no technical formulations of economics or numerical formula. The focus of attention is concerned with the possibility of inefficiency (inefficiency) of the establishment, implementation and enforcement of legislation.
First with regard to the tendency of certain mandatory involvement of the legal profession in fulfilling the terms and procedures of legislation. This is for example seen in Section 5 of Act No.. 42 Year 1999 regarding Fiduciary Warranty (UUJF), which requires loading the object made by the Fiduciary Warranty Deed. Sutan Remy Sjahdeini to comment on the article by saying there is no clear reasons should be made objects of loading with Fiduciary Warranty be notarized, given in previous practices, the agreement made with sufficient fiduciary deed When the requirement is associated with subsequent obligation of registration Registration Office Fiduciary, of course, also still questionable usefulness loading objects with a notarized Fiduciary Warranty is compared with the under hand loading. Economically be notarized loading the debtors would be very burdensome, especially for entrepreneurs weak debtors. Even happen in practice today, although the cost of making the deed has been set by government regulation, but because there is no alternative but to use the services of a notary who permit the practice in the areas concerned, the notary can be arbitrarily to determine the cost of making the deed .
Previously under Article 10 paragraph (2) of Act No.. 4 of 1996 on Mortgage on Land and Its Objects-Related Land (UUHT) also established that giving is done by making Mortgage Deed Mortgage Imposition (APHT) by Acting Land Deed Makers (PPAT). The reason the application of this provision is that PPAT is a public official authorized to make the deed of transfer of rights over land and other deed in order charging land rights, which form aktanya determined, as does evidence of certain legal actions concerning land located in the area of ??work.
UUHT even this conveyed to the provisions of the same criticisms regarding the imposition of burdensome economically weaker entrepreneurs debtors. Responding to the Regulation of the Minister of State Agrarian / Head of National Land Agency No.. 4 Year 1996 on the Determination of Time Limits Use of Power of Attorney impose Guaranteeing Repayment Mortgage For Specific credits, the government provides the possibility for certain types of credit SKMHT valid until the expiration of validity period of the principal agreement is concerned.
The trend is also visible in the Draft Rural Banking Act (Bill-PP) made by the House, which stipulates that the loan agreement deed drawn up before notaris.xi Therefore there is a cynical outlook on society by mentioning the legislation that contains provisions Such as the result of ‘Notary Connection “.
Criticism of the inefficiency of the notary, as discussed above also override other legal professions, the legal advisor. Article 5 of the Bankruptcy Act, provides that an application relating to bankruptcy proceedings must be filed by a lawyer who has a license to practice (in this permits the practice of bankruptcy lawyers). Application shall include a declaration of bankruptcy petition, the petition sequestration and the appointment of curators, the petition of Appeals, filing Memory Cassation, judicial review application, the application for temporary suspension, removal of suspension and changes in the terms of the suspension, cancellation demands of peace, as well as rehabilitation in the areas of bankruptcy petition . Reasons mandatory use of licensed attorneys who practice it, does it make sense when linked to the short time required in the event of bankruptcy and the need for specialization and professionalitas bankruptcy lawyer. But viewed from the perspective of the restriction to a specific community to participate in the test kepengacaraan, such as internal corporate lawyer among SOEs, it is economical for the state-owned enterprises, Article 5 of the Bankruptcy Act would be very burdensome. This happens because he considered state employees as civil servants, so it is not allowed to take part in the test kepengacaraan. Yet when the state allowed an internal corporate lawyers bankruptcy lawyers have the certificate, then the bankruptcy proceedings do not need to be represented by the external high-cost corporate lawyer.
In recent years, the need for natural gas or natural gas is increasing as more and extent of use of natural gas energy sources is good for the industry and for households and industry as a raw material mainly for fertilizer industry.
Consumption of natural gas as the final energy is the third largest after oil and coal, higher than the electricity and LPG. Percentage (share) of natural gas consumption reached 13.7 percent in 2008.
Some issues related to the natural gas industry in addition to production is the supply for domestic needs is limited. Due to the limited supply of gas then the continuity of the development of fertilizer industry has been plagued because there is no guarantee of gas supply.
Price formation is not fully use the principles in the domestic market make the most of production is sold to overseas markets. This condition makes the certainty of supply for the domestic industry requirement has not been stable.
The government tried to address this with the policy Domestic Market Obligation (DMO) and prioritize the allocation of gas from new fields namely Field Donggi – Senoro for domestic needs.
With growing pressure at home to the maximum extent possible Utilizing the natural gas for domestic needs, the various new policies have been issued regarding the utilization of natural gas. Some new regulations in this sector are expected to affect the natural gas business in Indonesia, especially regarding the transmission of natural gas including natural gas transfer point of handing over to Singapore from the Singapore plant gate to the well head in Indonesia that affect the process of calculating the cost and selling price of natural gas.
Composition of gas
Natural gas is made of hydrocarbon gases with the main component methane (C1). Natural gas can be found under layers of earth, often in conjunction with oil reserves.
On arriving at the surface, the gas is separated from oil or water that may exist in the deposit. This process of purifying the gas by removing other existing gas such as propane and butane, and water content.
Different gas LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) in terms of its elements. LPG is mainly made up of Propane (C3). LPG is distributed through the vessel, while natural gas through pipelines.
The energy generated by natural gas is measured by calories. Energy content is not uniform because the results from several different gas wells. Calories natural gas in Indonesia lowest is 5991 Kcal / m 3 while the highest reaching 11 127 kcal / m 3.
Natural gas is distributed in the area of ??Jakarta, Karachi, Jakarta, Jakarta has the calories of 7703-11127 kcal / m3, while natural gas is distributed in the region Cirebon have the lowest calories 5991 kcal / m 3.
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